What is the alternating knit-slip stitch sequence in double knitting, and how does it build two separate fabric layers simultaneously on one set of needles?

Double knitting builds two complete, structurally independent fabric layers on one set of needles simultaneously by working every stitch position as either a front-layer stitch or a back-layer stitch in a strictly alternating sequence. The cast-on establishes this alternation from the beginning: using two yarns simultaneously, the knitter casts on so that the first stitch belongs to Fabric A (the front layer, using Yarn A), the second stitch belongs to Fabric B (the back layer, using Yarn B), the third again to Fabric A, and so on across the entire cast-on. The two yarns interlock at each cast-on stitch, connecting the bottom edge of both layers in a single joined foundation row. Once the main body of double knitting begins, the row sequence for each pair of adjacent stitches — one front-layer stitch and one back-layer stitch — follows a fixed protocol. For a front-layer knit stitch: both yarns are held to the back of the work; Yarn A is used to knit through the front-layer stitch in the normal way; the worked stitch becomes a right-side face stitch on Fabric A. For the immediately following back-layer stitch: both yarns are brought to the front of the work; Yarn B is used to purl through the back-layer stitch (or the back-layer stitch is slipped with the yarn in front, in the simplified slip-stitch variant); the worked or slipped stitch becomes a right-side face stitch on Fabric B when viewed from the back. This alternation — knit with Yarn A (front layer), purl or slip with Yarn B (back layer) — repeats across the entire row. The result is that at the end of each row, the front-layer stitches are all worked as knit stitches on their right side, and the back-layer stitches are all worked as knit stitches on their right side (viewed from the back). Neither layer has any purled rows because each layer sees only every other stitch: from Fabric A's perspective, it is knitted entirely in the round, always seeing the right side. The same applies to Fabric B viewed from its right side. The two layers connect at the needle tips because all stitches — front and back — are loaded on the same needle. Along the body of the fabric, however, the layers are completely independent: no yarn passes from one layer to the other except at deliberate joining stitches or at the cast-on and bind-off edges. The slip-stitch variant, where back-layer stitches are slipped with yarn forward rather than purled, simplifies the hand motion by eliminating the purl wrap for the back layer. The trade-off is that slipped stitches are not actively tensioned by the working yarn on every row — they are carried for two rows before being worked, which can produce slightly looser tension on the back layer and a very small gauge discrepancy between the two faces. The purl-stitch variant (where Yarn B actively purls each back-layer stitch on every row) produces identical tension on both faces and is required for precise reversible colorwork documentation where gauge consistency between the two faces is a measurable specification. For Patreon documentation purposes, the choice of slip-stitch versus purl-stitch variant must be stated explicitly because it determines the back-face appearance in process photographs and affects the gauge calibration protocol described in the pattern.

Why does double knitting produce fully reversible two-color colorwork without floats, and how does routing each background stitch into the opposite layer eliminate the float that would otherwise occur in stranded colorwork?

In single-layer stranded colorwork (such as Fair Isle), two yarns are carried simultaneously across every row and one yarn is worked while the other is carried passively behind the fabric as a float. The float is a structural limitation: it must be caught at intervals to prevent puckering and snagging. In double knitting, floats are structurally impossible because both yarns are worked on every pair of stitches — there is no position in the double-knit row where a yarn is carried passively without being worked. The mechanism: consider a two-color pattern where a position in the pattern calls for Color A on the front face. At that stitch pair, the front-layer stitch is knitted with Yarn A (producing Color A on the front face), and the back-layer stitch is worked with Yarn B (producing Color B on the back face at the same column position). Now consider a position where the pattern calls for Color B on the front face. At that stitch pair, the front-layer stitch is knitted with Yarn B (producing Color B on the front face), and the back-layer stitch is worked with Yarn A (producing Color A on the back face). The critical difference from stranded colorwork: at every single stitch pair in the double-knit structure, Yarn A is worked into a stitch. In stranded colorwork, Yarn A would be a float at every position where Yarn B is the active yarn. In double knitting, Yarn A is never carried passively — it is always worked, but alternately into the front layer and into the back layer. The result of this routing is double: first, no floats exist on either face of the fabric; second, the back face automatically displays the color-inverted version of the front face pattern. At every position where the front face shows Color A (because the front-layer stitch used Yarn A), the back face shows Color B (because the back-layer stitch at the same position used Yarn B). At every position where the front face shows Color B, the back face shows Color A. This creates a fully reversible fabric: both faces display the same visual pattern, but with the colors swapped. A double-knit mitten showing dark geometric motifs on a cream background on the front face shows cream geometric motifs on a dark background on the back face, at identical scale and position, with no floats on either face. For Patreon documentation, the reversibility and float-free construction are the two technical properties that distinguish double knitting from all other two-color techniques and that cannot be conveyed by a finished-object photograph of one face. A process sequence showing the same object photographed from both faces simultaneously — or photographs of the back face in progress while the front face is visible to the camera — is the documentation format that transmits these properties. The yarn routing is the mechanism behind the pattern inversion: pattern sequences where the front face uses Yarn A and the back face uses Yarn B at the same column position must be tracked per-stitch across the entire colorwork chart. In a two-color double-knit chart, each chart square represents a stitch pair: the color shown is the front-layer color, and the back-layer color is always the opposite color. Charting software that does not natively support double-knit notation requires the knitter to manually track the back-layer color assignments, which is the documentation task that sustains high Patreon tier prices for double-knitting pattern publishers.

Why does yarn twist accumulate between stitches in double knitting, what does it look like when the twist becomes severe, and how does alternating the over-under crossing relationship of both yarns prevent it?

Yarn twist accumulation is the most disruptive ongoing mechanical problem in double knitting. It arises because both yarns must move between the back position (yarn held behind the needle, for a knit stitch) and the front position (yarn held in front of the needle, for a purl or slip stitch) at every stitch transition. At each transition, one yarn passes over the other as they both move from back to front or from front to back. The problem: if the same yarn always passes over the other in the same direction at each transition — if, for example, Yarn A always passes over Yarn B when they both move from back to front — then every stitch transition in the same direction adds one twist to the pair of yarns. Over the course of a row of 60 stitches (30 stitch pairs, each pair requiring two transitions), the two yarns accumulate 60 twists around each other. The visible result: after 5 to 10 rows without attention to the over-under relationship, the two yarns are visibly wound around each other in a spiral. The working yarn ends from both balls are physically tangled and cannot be extended without lifting one ball over the other to untwist. This tangling stops work entirely and requires the knitter to drop both working yarns and allow the balls to hang freely until gravity de-rotates the accumulated twists. On a large project (200+ stitches per row, many rows), failure to manage the over-under crossing relationship can produce a twist accumulation severe enough that the working yarn ball has traveled several complete rotations around the other ball, creating a tangle that takes several minutes to clear even when stopped promptly. The solution is to alternate which yarn crosses over the other at each stitch transition. The protocol: at the transition where both yarns move from back to front (between the knit stitch and the slip or purl stitch for each pair), Yarn A crosses over Yarn B at the first pair position. At the transition where both yarns move from front to back (between the purl or slip stitch of one pair and the knit stitch of the next pair), Yarn B crosses over Yarn A. This alternating direction of crossing means that each twist is cancelled by the reverse-direction twist at the next transition, and the net twist accumulation per pair is zero. Across the entire row, the two yarns remain parallel and untwisted. Maintaining this alternating crossing relationship requires the knitter to consciously control the relative position of the two yarns at each transition — a motor habit that takes several rows to establish and that cannot be delegated to an unconscious hand motion, because the natural tendency is to always move both yarns as a unit in the same relative arrangement. The clearest Patreon documentation format for this protocol: a short annotated video showing the two yarns from above (looking down at the needle from the knitter's perspective) during two consecutive stitch pairs, with verbal annotation at each transition naming which yarn is on top and why. Still photography cannot convey the directionality of the crossing motion — only video or a well-annotated high-speed photograph sequence shows the over-under relationship at the moment of the transition. Yarn guides (Norwegian knitting thimbles worn on the right-hand index finger, with slots for two yarns) can partially automate this by fixing the physical position of each yarn relative to the guide and producing a consistent over-under arrangement without requiring conscious attention per stitch; however, the thimble must be oriented correctly and the yarn slots selected to produce the alternating crossing, and the documentation must explain the orientation rather than simply recommending the thimble. The two-handed technique (Yarn A in the left hand Continental-style, Yarn B in the right hand English-style) naturally positions the two yarns at different heights when they meet between the thumb and index finger, and can reduce twist accumulation compared to carrying both yarns in the same hand, but does not eliminate it — the transition motion still requires conscious attention to maintain the alternating crossing relationship across the row.

What is the Apple Tax on double knitting Patreon audiences from November 2026, and what are the specific monthly dollar amounts at typical double knitting creator income levels?

Double knitting audiences are strongly iOS-concentrated, following the patterns of the broader knitting and colorwork community on which they overlap. Instagram knitting accounts that feature double knitting content — reversible mitten process shots, colorwork chart photographs, in-progress needle shots showing both layers — are 70–84% iOS: the visual format of double-knit documentation, showing both faces of the fabric simultaneously or the needle view from above, is native to iPhone camera culture and the knitting community on Instagram skews heavily toward iPhone users. Pinterest double knitting and reversible colorwork boards are 73–86% iOS: pattern discovery and process photography pinning in the knitting community is dominated by iOS users using the Pinterest app. YouTube double knitting tutorial channels are 58–72% iOS: step-by-step instructional video content for double knitting — showing the alternating stitch sequence, the yarn transition protocol, the cast-on technique — is watched primarily on iPhone and iPad in a craft or living room viewing context. Facebook knitting groups where double knitting is regularly discussed and patterns shared are 60–73% iOS: the group-based community format draws iOS users who access Facebook through the iOS app. Apple Tax calculation for a double knitting Patreon creator at $100/month with 74% iOS membership: $100 × 0.30 × 0.74 = $22.20/month ($266.40/year) paid to Apple from November 1, 2026. At $200/month with 77% iOS: $46.20/month ($554.40/year). At $350/month with 80% iOS: $84/month ($1,008/year). Web-only billing at Patreon or moving to a KeepTier web-only subscription page prevents these deductions entirely by keeping all transactions outside Apple's in-app purchase system.

Explainers · Craft creators

Patreon for double knitting creators: alternating knit-slip sequence, reversible colorwork without floats, yarn twist management, and the Apple Tax

2026-09-19 · ~5,900 words

Double knitting builds two complete fabric layers on one set of needles simultaneously. The alternating stitch sequence, the float-free colorwork routing, and the yarn twist problem are invisible in finished-object photographs. This is the calibration layer Patreon documentation delivers.

The alternating knit-slip sequence: how two layers grow simultaneously

Double knitting works every stitch position as either a front-layer stitch or a back-layer stitch in strict alternation. The cast-on establishes this from the beginning: using two yarns simultaneously, the cast-on produces an alternating sequence where odd-position stitches belong to Fabric A (the front layer, worked with Yarn A) and even-position stitches belong to Fabric B (the back layer, worked with Yarn B). The two yarns interlock at each cast-on position, connecting both layers at the foundation edge.

The per-stitch sequence in the main body: for a front-layer stitch — both yarns held to the back; knit through the stitch with Yarn A; the worked stitch is a right-side face stitch on Fabric A. For the immediately following back-layer stitch — both yarns brought to the front; purl through the stitch with Yarn B (or slip with yarn forward in the simpler slip-stitch variant); the worked or slipped stitch produces a right-side face stitch on Fabric B when viewed from the back face.

This alternation repeats across the entire row. The result: both layers are knitted entirely from their right-side face on every row, with no purl return rows for either layer. From Fabric A's perspective, it is worked continuously in the knit direction; from Fabric B's perspective (viewed from its right side), the same is true. The two layers are joined only at the needle tips and at deliberate joining stitches — along the main body of the fabric, they are fully independent.

The slip-stitch variant (slipping back-layer stitches with yarn forward rather than purling them) simplifies hand motion by eliminating the purl wrap for the back layer. The trade-off: slipped stitches carry over two rows without being actively tensioned, which can produce fractionally looser tension on the back layer. The purl-stitch variant (actively purling each back-layer stitch with Yarn B on every row) produces identical tension on both faces and is required for precision colorwork documentation where gauge consistency between the two faces is a measurable specification.

Reversible colorwork without floats: routing background stitches into the opposite layer

In single-layer stranded colorwork, two yarns are carried simultaneously and one is always a passive float behind the fabric. In double knitting, floats are structurally impossible: both yarns are worked on every pair of stitches. The routing mechanism: at any stitch pair where the front face should show Color A, the front-layer stitch uses Yarn A and the back-layer stitch uses Yarn B. At any stitch pair where the front face should show Color B, the front-layer stitch uses Yarn B and the back-layer stitch uses Yarn A.

In stranded colorwork, Yarn B would be a passive float wherever the pattern calls for Color A. In double knitting, Yarn B is never idle — it is routed into the back layer. Every stitch that would have been a float in stranded colorwork becomes an active stitch in the opposite fabric layer. The automatic consequence: the back face shows a color-inverted version of the front face pattern. At every position where the front shows Color A, the back shows Color B; at every position where the front shows Color B, the back shows Color A.

The finished fabric is fully reversible: a double-knit hat or mitten shows dark geometric motifs on a cream background on one face and cream geometric motifs on a dark background on the other face — identical pattern, inverted colors, no floats on either face, no long loops to snag. The two faces are structurally identical in stitch count and gauge; neither is the "wrong side."

For Patreon documentation, the double-knit colorwork chart specifies the front-layer color for each stitch pair; the back-layer color is always the opposite color and does not need a separate chart row. Each chart square represents a stitch pair, not a single stitch: the charted color is the front-layer yarn; the omitted color is the back-layer yarn at the same position. Charting software that does not support double-knit notation requires manual back-layer tracking, which is the pattern-preparation documentation task that justifies higher Patreon tier prices for double-knitting pattern publishers.

Double cast-on and double bind-off: closed versus open tube ends

The double cast-on (two-color long-tail cast-on for double knitting) uses both yarn colors simultaneously. Setup: Yarn A loops over the thumb, Yarn B loops over the index finger. The needle alternates between two motions — motion 1 picks up the Yarn A loop from below the thumb and the Yarn B loop from above the index finger to form a front-layer stitch; motion 2 picks up the Yarn B loop from below the index finger and the Yarn A loop from above the thumb to form a back-layer stitch. The interlocking of the two yarns at each cast-on position connects the two layers at the foundation edge. The cast-on edge is therefore closed: both layers are joined at the bottom of the tube.

An open bottom edge — where the two layers begin as independent sheets — requires a provisional cast-on for one layer, with the second layer picked up separately. The two layers remain disconnected until the alternating double-knit sequence deliberately joins them, which can be at any row.

The double bind-off at the top edge determines whether the top is closed or open. A closed-top bind-off joins front-layer stitches and back-layer stitches together as it progresses: work one front-layer stitch with Yarn A, one back-layer stitch with Yarn B, then pass the first stitch over the second. The two layers are drawn together and joined at the top, producing a sealed tube closed at both ends. An open-top bind-off splits the stitches onto two needles — all front-layer stitches on one, all back-layer stitches on the other — and binds each layer off independently in its own color, producing two separate finished edges and an open top.

The practical constructions: both ends closed = a sealed pocket or mitten body; one end closed, one end open = a bag or tube open at the working end; both ends open = two separate rectangular panels connected only at the row-turn side edges. For garment construction, a double-knit yoke has a closed bottom from the cast-on, connected side edges from the row turns, and an open top from a split bind-off for neck shaping, with armhole openings created by deliberately separating the two layers at armhole positions.

Patreon documentation requirement: a frame-by-frame photograph sequence showing both yarn positions (thumb yarn and index finger yarn) at each step of the double cast-on. The physical setup — holding two yarns simultaneously in long-tail position with specific thumb/finger assignments — is not inferrable from a finished cast-on edge photograph and requires a motion sequence to transmit.

Joining the two layers: pocket structures and fold lines

The two fabric layers can be deliberately joined at any stitch position by knitting one front-layer stitch together with the adjacent back-layer stitch using either Yarn A or Yarn B. The k2tog-style join places both the front-layer and back-layer stitches on the right needle tip simultaneously and works through both loops together, joining the two layers at that column position. A row of such joins across the full width creates a horizontal fold line at that row position: the fabric above the fold line is connected, and the fabric below it was a separate tube.

A pocket divider is created by joining the two layers across a partial width at a specific row: the section where joins were placed becomes a closed pocket base, and the sections where the normal double-knit alternating sequence continues remain open. Vertical pocket walls are created by joining at a single stitch-pair column position at the edge of the pocket opening for several rows, then releasing the join and returning to normal alternating knitting.

For mittens, the thumb gusset can be worked by increasing stitches in both layers simultaneously on every other row within a designated section, then separating the thumb stitches onto a holder and closing the remaining opening in the main body with a join row.

The join stitch appears on the right-side face as a slightly tighter stitch at the join position. On a colorwork double-knit fabric, the join row should be placed in a row where both yarns are being used equally, or in a plain-color row, to minimize the visual disruption of the join stitch relative to the pattern.

Gauge in double knitting: per-layer measurement, needle size, and blocking

Double knitting gauge is measured per-layer, not across both layers. The two-layer structure does not change the number of stitches per inch or rows per inch within each layer relative to what the same yarn and needle would produce in single-layer stockinette — but the needle tip must travel through the additional mass of the back-layer stitches on the same needle, which slightly increases the physical effort of each stitch and can produce slightly tighter tension than a comparable single-layer swatch. Standard double-knit gauge swatching protocol: cast on 60 stitches (30 for each layer) using the double cast-on, work the double-knit sequence for 4 inches, bind off both layers open-top to separate the two faces, block both faces identically (wet block for wool, steam block for wool blends), and measure each face separately. Report gauge as stitches and rows per 4 inches per layer.

The needle size for double knitting is typically one to two sizes larger than the needle used for single-layer stockinette in the same yarn at the target gauge. This compensates for the increased stitch density on the needle (both layers' stitches are on the same needle throughout) and the slight tightening effect of working through the combined mass. As a starting point: if a yarn specifies US 7 (4.5 mm) for stockinette at 5 stitches per inch, begin gauge swatching for double knitting at US 8 (5.0 mm) or US 9 (5.5 mm).

Blocking double-knit fabric: wet blocking separates the two layers slightly at the wet stage, which can be used constructively to check the independence of the two faces. After blocking and drying, the two layers will return to their parallel resting position. Steam blocking flattens the combined fabric more aggressively than wet blocking and is preferred for colorwork that has visible textural variation from the stitch alternation.

Patreon content strategy for double knitting creators

Double knitting Patreons retain when documentation addresses the three technical layers that finished-object photography cannot convey: the stitch sequence mechanics, the yarn twist management protocol, and the colorwork chart system. The minimum documentation set for each double-knit pattern: the stitch variant (slip-stitch or purl-stitch back layer), the yarn twist management approach (two-handed or same-hand with stated over-under protocol or yarn guide specification), the cast-on type (double cast-on for closed bottom or provisional for open bottom), the bind-off type (closed or open top) and their structural consequences, the gauge swatch protocol (per-layer measurement after separation and blocking), and the colorwork chart notation system (front-layer color per square, back-layer is always the opposite).

The highest-performing tier structure for double knitting: a pattern tier at $15–$30/month including one double-knit pattern per month with the full technical specification sheet, a back-face process photograph at each major construction stage (showing the back face simultaneously or immediately after each significant row), and a yarn twist management video (60 seconds minimum) showing the over-under alternation during a stitch pair sequence. A consultation tier providing direct diagnosis of subscriber twist accumulation issues — the subscriber submits a photograph of their working yarn tangled state and receives a written assessment of which yarn is always crossing over which and the correction — sustains high perceived value because twist accumulation is the primary reason double-knit beginners abandon projects, and the diagnosis from a photograph alone is not possible without a written guide.

The Apple Tax on double knitting audiences from November 2026

Double knitting audiences are iOS-concentrated across every major platform, closely tracking the broader knitting and colorwork community. Instagram accounts featuring double knitting process photography — both-face flat-lays, needle-view shots showing two layers in progress, blocked reversible fabric — are 70–84% iOS. Pinterest double knitting and reversible colorwork boards are 73–86% iOS: pattern discovery and technique research in the knitting community is dominated by iOS users. YouTube double knitting tutorial channels are 58–72% iOS: instructional video content for complex techniques is consumed primarily on iPhone and iPad in a home craft context. Facebook knitting groups where double knitting is discussed are 60–73% iOS.

Apple Tax calculation for a double knitting Patreon creator at $100/month with 74% iOS membership: $100 × 0.30 × 0.74 = $22.20/month ($266.40/year) paid to Apple from November 1, 2026. At $200/month with 77% iOS: $46.20/month ($554.40/year). At $350/month with 80% iOS: $84/month ($1,008/year).

These are the contractual consequences of Patreon's agreement with Apple effective November 1, 2026, applied to every iOS subscription billing cycle. A double knitting creator at $350/month who does not switch to web-only billing loses over $1,000/year to Apple, funding no pattern delivery and no subscriber service. The web-only billing switch at Patreon directs iOS subscribers to subscribe through the Patreon website, removing the transaction from Apple's in-app purchase system. KeepTier provides the alternative for creators who want their membership entirely off Patreon: a web-only subscription page with Stripe Checkout, Discord role automation, zero platform fee beyond Stripe processing, and a custom domain — retaining the full subscriber revenue that Apple would otherwise deduct.

Frequently asked questions

What is the per-stitch sequence in double knitting, and why do both fabric layers grow simultaneously?

For each adjacent pair of stitches on the needle (one front-layer stitch, one back-layer stitch), the sequence is: both yarns to the back, knit the front-layer stitch with Yarn A; both yarns to the front, purl or slip the back-layer stitch with Yarn B. Repeating this across the row advances both Fabric A and Fabric B by one row simultaneously. From each layer's perspective, it is worked continuously from its right side — Fabric A sees only every other stitch (the knit stitches), and Fabric B sees only the intervening stitches (the purl or slip stitches). The slip-stitch variant (slip back-layer stitches with yarn forward instead of purling) simplifies the motion but may produce slightly looser back-layer tension; the purl-stitch variant produces identical tension on both faces.

How does double-knit colorwork produce a reversible pattern with no floats, and what determines the back face color at each position?

In double-knit colorwork, every stitch pair carries both colors — one into the front layer and one into the back layer. At a position where the front face shows Color A, the front-layer stitch uses Yarn A and the back-layer stitch uses Yarn B. At a position where the front face shows Color B, the front-layer stitch uses Yarn B and the back-layer stitch uses Yarn A. No yarn is ever carried passively — there are no floats. The back face always shows the color opposite to the front face at each position, producing a fully reversible fabric with identical pattern and inverted colors on both faces. In the colorwork chart, each square specifies the front-layer color; the back-layer color is always the other color and does not need a separate chart entry.

What makes yarn twist accumulate in double knitting, and what is the correct protocol to prevent it?

Both yarns move between back position and front position at every stitch transition. If the same yarn always crosses over the other in the same direction at each transition, each crossing adds one twist to the pair of yarns. Over a row of 60 stitches, this produces 60 twists — enough to fully tangle both yarn balls. The correct protocol is to consistently alternate which yarn crosses over the other at each transition: at the back-to-front transition, Yarn A crosses over Yarn B; at the front-to-back transition, Yarn B crosses over Yarn A. These opposite-direction crossings cancel each other, and the yarns remain parallel and untwisted across the row. Failure to alternate produces tangling that stops work entirely and requires dropping both yarns to de-rotate. The two-handed technique (Yarn A in the left hand, Yarn B in the right hand) reduces the physical proximity of the two yarns and decreases the tendency to cross them in the same direction, but still requires conscious attention to the over-under relationship at each transition.

How does the double cast-on close the bottom of the tube, and how can I create an open bottom edge instead?

The double cast-on loops both yarns over the thumb and index finger simultaneously (Yarn A on the thumb, Yarn B on the index finger) and alternates between two pickup motions to produce alternating front-layer and back-layer stitches. The interlocking of both yarns at each cast-on position connects the two layers at the foundation edge, closing the bottom of the tube. For an open bottom edge — where the two layers begin as independent sheets — use a provisional cast-on (any removable cast-on, usually in waste yarn) for one layer only, and then pick up the back-layer stitches from the provisional cast-on and begin the alternating double-knit sequence, which leaves the two layers physically separate until they are deliberately joined.

What is the Apple Tax on double knitting Patreon audiences from November 2026, and what are the dollar amounts at typical creator income levels?

Instagram double knitting accounts 70–84% iOS; Pinterest double knitting boards 73–86% iOS; YouTube double knitting tutorials 58–72% iOS; Facebook knitting groups 60–73% iOS. Apple Tax deductions on Patreon iOS subscriptions from November 1, 2026: at $100/month with 74% iOS, $22.20/month ($266.40/year); at $200/month with 77% iOS, $46.20/month ($554.40/year); at $350/month with 80% iOS, $84/month ($1,008/year). Web-only billing at Patreon or moving to KeepTier's web-only subscription page prevents these deductions by keeping all transactions outside Apple's in-app purchase system.

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